> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://anand-aryan.gitbook.io/leetcode/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://anand-aryan.gitbook.io/leetcode/224.-basic-calculator.md).

# 224. Basic Calculator

Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.

The expression string may contain open ( and closing parentheses ), the plus + or minus sign -, non-negative integers and empty spaces .

You may assume that the given expression is always valid.

Some examples:

"1 + 1" = 2 " 2-1 + 2 " = 3 "(1+(4+5+2)-3)+(6+8)" = 23

Note: Do not use the eval built-in library function.

## Solution <a href="#solution" id="solution"></a>

```java
public class Solution {
      public int calculate(String s) {
        if (s == null || s.length() <= 0) return 0;

        Stack<Integer> stack1 = new Stack<>();
        Stack<Character> stack2 = new Stack<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            char currentChar = s.charAt(i);
            if (isOperand(currentChar)) {
                if (currentChar == ')') {
                    while (stack2.peek() != '(') {
                        Character operand = stack2.pop();
                        stack1.push(operate(operand, stack1.pop(), stack1.pop()));
                    }

                    stack2.pop();
                } else if (currentChar == '+' || currentChar == '-') {
                    while (!stack2.isEmpty()) {
                        if (stack2.peek() == '(') {
                            break;
                        }

                        stack1.push(operate(stack2.pop(), stack1.pop(), stack1.pop()));
                    }

                    stack2.push(currentChar);
                } else {
                    stack2.push(currentChar);
                }

            } else if (Character.isDigit(currentChar)) {
                int endIndex = i + 1;
                while (endIndex < s.length() && Character.isDigit(s.charAt(endIndex))) {
                    endIndex++;
                }

                stack1.push(Integer.valueOf(s.substring(i, endIndex)));
                i = endIndex - 1;
            }
        }

        while (!stack2.isEmpty()) {
            stack1.push(operate(stack2.pop(), stack1.pop(), stack1.pop()));
        }

        return stack1.pop();
    }

    private int operate(Character c, int a, int b) {
        switch (c) {
            case '+':
                return a + b;
            case '-':
                return b - a;
        }

        return -1;
    }

    private boolean isOperand(char c) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append(c);
        return "()+-".contains(sb.toString());
    }
}
```


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